Charon

                                       

Charon

 

                                         In Greek mythology, Charon was the ferryman of the death, an underworld spirit in the service of Hades. Charon received the souls of the dead from Hermes or Thanatos, who gathered them from the upper world and guided them to the shores of the rivers Styx and Archeron, that divided the world of the living from the world of the dead. 
                         

Charon, the ferryman.

           
                 From there Charon transported them in his boat to a final resting place, the land of dead on the other side. The fee for his service was place in or on the mouth of a corpse (dead person) at burial. Those who could not pay the fee or those who had not received due burial would left to wonder the earthly side, haunting the upper world as ghost.   

Charon and Psyche

                                     In Greek mythology, heroes such as Hercules, Orphus, Aeneas, Dante, and Psyche took journey to the underworld and return, still alive conveyed by the boat of Charon. Charon was the son of Erebus, the god of darkness and Nyx, the goddess of night. Charon was depicted as sulky old man or as a winged demon carrying a double hammer.

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Thanatos

                       

Thanatos

  In Greek mythology, Thanatos was described as the god of 'non-violent death' or 'peaceful death'. Thanatos was son of Erebus, the god of drakness and Nyx, the goddess of night. In some version Thanatos was described as son of Nyx with no father.    

Thanatos and Hypnos

  
                                         Thanatos carried the spirits of the death to the shores of Styx where they waited to be ferried across by Charon (ferryman). Thanatos was often paired with his twin brother Hypnos (sleep). 

Hercules wrestled Thanatos

Thanatos was once defeated by  Hercules, who wrestle him to save the life of Alcestis, the wife of Admetus.  Thanatos was also tricked by Sisyphus, the king of Corinth, who wanted a second chance to live. 

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Philotes

In Greek mythology, Philotes was described as the goddess of affection and friendship. Philotes was the daughter of Nyx, the goddess of night, with no father or of Erebus, the god of darkness,  and Nyx. 

Philotes

                              Philotes opposite number were Neikea (feuds). In some version Philotes was described as the spirit of sexual intercourse. 

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Aether

                                                        In Greek mythology, Aether was the personification and elemental god of ' the bright, glowing upper air of heaven - the substance of light'. Aether embodies the pure upper air that the gods breathe, as opposed to normal air breathed by mortals. Aether was the son of Erebus (the god of darkness) and Nyx (the goddess of night) and the brother of Hemera (the goddess of day).

                              

Aether

                  According to some versions, Aether was described as son of Choas. Aether was also known as Zeus's defensive wall, the boundary that locked Tartarus from the rest of cosmos. 

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Hemera : the goddess of day

                            In Greek mythology, Hemera was primeval goddess of the day. Hemera was the daughter of Erebus, the god of darkness and Nyx, the goddess of night. Hemera was residing with her mother in Tartarus, but the two deities never met each other in home. Hemera (day) left Tartarus just as Nyx (night) entered it, when Hemera (day) return Nyx (night) left. The night and day were substances distinct and quite independent from sun. 

Hemera

                       Hemera was female counterpart of her brother and consort Aether (brightness).  Hemera was described as mother of Thalassa. In one version, Hemera was described as mother of Gaea (earth) and Uranus (sky). 

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Erebus

In Greek mythology, Erebus was primeval god of darkness. Erebus born out of  Chaos with Nyx (night).  Erebus took Nyx as his wife and had many children with her. His children include Aether the god of sky, Hemera the goddess of the day, Nemesis the goddess of revenge, Charon the ferryman, Moirai the god of fate, Hypnos the god of sleep, and Thanatos the god of death.

Erebus, 

                       In Greek mythology, Erebus is described as a region of the underworld, where the dead pass immediately after dying, and is sometimes used interchangeably with Tartarus.

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Hypnos

                                                     In Greek mythology, Hypnos was the personification of sleep.  Hypnos was the son of Nyx without any union. In some versions, Hypnos was described as the son of Nyx and Erebus.  

Hypnos with his mother Nyx

                                               Hypnos lived in the dark cave, in the underworld or Erebus, the land of eternal darkness beyond the gates of rising sun. The dark cave entrance was full of poppies and other hypnotic plants. The river Lethe, also know as the river of forgetfulness, flows through  the cave. In one version, Hypnos was described to live in the cave under island Lemnos.  

Hypnos, the god of sleep with his brother Thanatos, the god of death

                                  Hypnos was represented as a gentle young man, usually with wings attached to his temples or shoulder. Hypnos was often paired with his twin brother Thanatos (peaceful death).

                                Hypnos wife Pasithea, was one of the youngest of the Graces and was promised to him by Hera, the goddess of marriage and birth. Pasithea was the deity of hallucination or relaxation.  According to one version, Hypnos and Pasithea had thousand children and in other version they had four sons, the Onerioi (dreams)- Morpheus, Ikelos, Phobetos, and Phantasos. According to some version, the Oneino were sons of Nyx and brothers of Hypnos.

Related posts:
  Hera and Hypnos  :   

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Erinyes

In Greek mythology, Erinyes (or Furies) were three goddesses of vengeance,-Alecto, Megaera, and Tisphone - who avenged crimes against the natural order. 

Erinyes

                                   The crimes which they punish were disobedience towards parents, violation of the respect due to old age, perjury, murder, violation towards the law of hospitality and improper conduct towards suppliants.  Erinyes work for Hades in underworld to punish evil souls. Erinyes not only punished crimes after death, but during life on earth. 

Orestes pursued by Erinyes 

                                     When the Titan Cronus castrated his father Uranus and threw his genitalia into the sea, the Erinyes as well as Meliae emerged from the drops of blood when it fell on the earth, Gaea. In some versions, Erinyes were described the daughters of Nyx (night). Erinyes were personification of curses pronounced upon a guilty criminal. 

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Thoosa

In Greek mythology, Thoosa was a sea nymph associated with dangerously swift currents. Thoosa was described as the daughter of Phorcys with no mother mentioned. According to some versions, Thoosa mother was Ceto { Phorcys sister and wife}.  Thoosa was described as a mermaid-like woman with the serpentine-tail of a fish in place of legs.
                                         

Thoosa

    
                                           Thoosa had an affair with sea god, Poseidon. She became the mother of the Cyclops Polyphemus by Poseidon.   

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Campe

                                             

                                            In Greek mythology, Campe (or Kempe) was described as a half-dragon with a beautiful woman's head and upper body and a scorpion-like tail. In some versions, Campe was described as the daughter of Gaea (earth) and Tartarus. Campe was the most loyal servant of Cronus, leader of the Titans.

                              Cronus tasked Campe with guarding the Hekatonkheires and the Cyclopes in Tartarus. She was killed by Zeus when he rescued the Cyclopes for help in the battle with the Titans.

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Cyclopes

  1: Cyclopes:- In Greek mythology, Cyclopes  were three brothers -Arges, Brontes, and Steropes. They were son of Uranus (sky) and Gaea (earth), and brothers of Titans and the Hecatonchires. Cyclopes were described as a giant with a single eye in the middle of their forehead.  
    

                           Uranus was aghast at the sight of his offspring (Cyclopes and  Hecatonchires) so he locked them in Tartarus. According to other version, Gaea hid Cyclopes and  Hecatonchires within herself in Tartarus, to protect them from her husband. Cronus, the youngest son of Uranus and Gaea freed the Cyclopes along with the Hecatonchires, after he overthrown Uranus. Cronus feared the Cyclopes power, so placed them back in Tartarus, where they remained guarded by the female dragon Campe, until freed by Zeus. 

Cyclopes in forges

                           The Thunderbolt, which became Zeus' main weapons, was made by all three Cyclopes, - Arges added brightness, Brontes added thunder, and Steropes added lightning. With the assistance of the Cyclopes and their thunderbolts, Zeus overthrew Cronus and the Titans and became ruler. Zeus was grateful for the Cyclopes' help and allowed them to stay in Olympus as his armorers and helpers to Hephaestus, god of smiths. Cyclopes also created Poseidon's trident, Artemis' bow and arrows of moonlight, Apollo's bow and arrows of sun rays, and Hades' helmet of darkness.The Greeks also credited them with building the massive fortifications at Tiryns and Mycenae in the Peloponnese.

Apollo killing the Cyclopes

     Zeus struck Asclepius, Apollo's son, down with a thunderbolt for having risen a person from the dead. Apollo was outraged and killed the Cyclopes who had made the deadly thunderbolt.  For this crime, Apollo was then forced into the servitude of Admetus for one year. The ghosts of Brontes, Steropes, and Arges were said to dwell in Mt. Aetna, an active volcano that smokes as a result of their burning forges. 
                             According to some versions,   after the year of Apollo's servitude had passed, Zeus pardoned the Cyclopes and Asclepius from the underworld, despite them being dead, even though Hades is lord of the dead and they are his prisoners. Hades as well does not ever allow any of his souls to leave the underworld but Zeus could not bear the loss of the cyclopes, for they were the biggest reason the Olympians assumed power. Also Zeus resurrected Asclepius at the request of Apollo, so that their feud would end.

2:Cyclopes:- In Greek mythology, Cyclopes were a primitive tribe of one-eyed Giants who lived in caves and herded flocks on the  island of Sicily. Polyphemus, son of Poseidon and the sea nymph Thoosa, was the only notable one,  and the chief of the Cyclopes.

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Hermaphroditus

In Greek mythology, Hermaphroditus was was the son of Hermes, messenger of the gods, and Aphrodite, goddess of love (Hermes and Aphrodite). Hermaphroditus's name is derived from those of his parents Hermes and Aphrodite. All three of these gods figure largely among erotic and fertility figures, and all possess distinctly sexual overtones. Sometimes, Hermaphroditus is referred to as Aphroditus.
                   

Hermaphroditus and Salmacis

                       Hermaphroditus had inherited the beauty of both his parents, and was brought up by the nymphs of Mount Ida. At the age of fifteen, he grew bored with his surroundings and traveled to the cities of Lycia and Caria. It was in the woods of Caria, near Halicarnassus that he encountered the nymph, Salmacis, in her pool. She was overcome by lust for the boy, who was very handsome but still young, and tried to seduce him, but was rejected.

Hermaphroditus and Salmacis

                             When he thought her to be gone, Hermaphroditus undressed and entered the waters of the pool. Salmacis sprang out from behind a tree and jumped into the pool. She wrapped herself around the boy, forcibly kissing him and touching his breast. While he struggled, she called out to the gods that they should never part. Her wish was granted, and their bodies blended into one form, "a creature of both sexes".  A person with the figure and breasts of a woman but with the sex organs of a man.

Statues of Hermaphroditus

                                                  In some versions, Hermaphroditus prayed to Hermes and Aphrodite that anyone else who bathed in the pool would be similarly transformed, and his wish was granted.

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Actaeon

                                                            In Greek mythology, Actaeon, was the son of the minor god Aristaeus ( son of Apollo and the nymph Cyrene) and Autonoë (daughter of Cadmus, the founder of Thebes in Boeotia); he was a Boeotian hero and hunter.  Actaeon accidentally saw Artemis (goddess of wild animals, vegetation, and childbirth) while she was bathing on Mount Cithaeron.

Actaeon saw Goddess Artemis bathing

                                         He stopped and stared, amazed at her ravishing beauty. Once seen, Artemis got revenge on Actaeon: she forbade him speech — if he tried to speak, he would be changed into a stag. Upon hearing the call of his hunting party, he cried out to them and immediately was changed into a stag and was pursued and killed by his own 50 hounds. According to other version, he offended Artemis by boasting that his skill as a hunter surpassed hers.

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Teiresias

Teiresias

                                        In Greek mythology, Teiresias was a blind prophet of Thebes. He was the son of the shepherd Everes and the nymph Chariclo. Teiresias retained his prophetic gifts even in the underworld, where the hero Odysseus was sent to consult him. At Thebes he played an active part in the tragic events concerning Laius, the king of Thebes, and his son Oedipus.

                                  

Teiresias saw mating snakes

                                 Once, when on Mount Cythaeron (others say Cyllene), Teiresias saw a male and a female snakes engaged in sexual intercourse. He struck at them with his staff, and as he happened to kill the female snake. Goddess Hera was not pleased: as the sensuous seductress of Zeus, she heartily approved of sex - even for the lower creatures. Hera punished Tiresias by transforming him into a woman. As a woman, Tiresias became a priestess of Hera, married and had children, including Manto, who also possessed the gift of prophecy.

       

Lady Teiresias

                                                             According to other version, Lady Tiresias was a prostitute of great renown. After seven years as a woman, Tiresias again found mating snakes, she made sure to leave the snakes alone this time. As a result, Tiresias was released from his sentence and again became a man. In some versions, she struck them again with the staff and was turned back into a man.

                                          

Teiresias with Hera and Zeus

                           Tiresias was drawn into an argument between Hera and her husband Zeus, on the theme of who has more pleasure in sex: the man, as Hera claimed; or, as Zeus claimed, the woman, as Tiresias had experienced both.  Tiresias revealed woman's greatest secret: on a scale of ten, she gets nine parts of the pleasure to his one. Hera was furious, and instantly struck him blind - Zeus couldn't do anything to stop her - but he did give Tiresias the gift of foresight and life which was to last for seven or nine generations. 

                                

Teiresias saw Athena naked

                                             According to other version, Tiresias was blinded by Athena after he saw a goddess bathing naked. His mother, Chariclo, a nymph of Athena, begged Athena to undo her curse, but the goddess could not; instead, she cleaned his ears, giving him the ability to understand birdsong, and the gift of foresight.

                           According to some versions, the cause of Teiresias blindness, was that he was blinded by the gods for revealing their secrets.

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